Founded in Venice in October 1946 as the Nuova Secessione Artistica Italiana - the name Fronte Nuovo delle Arti was proposed by Renato Guttuso in 1947 - the Fronte gathered young painters and sculptors from Milan, Rome, and Venice determined to move beyond both the interwar Novecento italiano and the provincialism of the Fascist decades and to rejoin the European debate, above all post-Cubist art. Its founding manifesto, drafted by the critic Giuseppe Marchiori and signed by Vedova, Birolli, Morlotti, Pizzinato, Santomaso, Viani, Cassinari, Guttuso, Leoncillo, and Carlo Levi, deliberately welcomed clashing positions. The coalition did not hold: the debate between socially committed realism and abstraction split the group, which dissolved in Venice in 1950. Its abstract wing regrouped in Lionello Venturi's Gruppo degli Otto (1952), while Guttuso and Pizzinato turned to explicit realism.
The Tribuna of the Uffizi (Zoffany)Public domain (credit: Johann Zoffany) · source
Defining characteristics
Post-Cubist fragmentation: prismatic planes and faceted figures after Picasso's Guernica
Coexistence of gestural realism and non-figurative abstraction within one exhibition
Socially charged subject matter: workers, the Resistance, postwar reconstruction
Energetic, thickly worked surfaces and often dark, emphatic color
Ceramic and bronze sculpture shown alongside painting
Key figures
Renato Guttuso(1912-1987) — Painter of the realist wing who gave the Fronte its name and later embraced socialist realism
Emilio Vedova(1919-2006) — Venetian painter of explosive abstraction; later joined the Gruppo degli Otto
Renato Birolli(1905-1959) — Founding signatory from the Corrente generation; post-Cubist painter
Giuseppe Santomaso(1907-1990) — Venetian painter and founding signatory, later of the Gruppo degli Otto
Example works
Le cucitrici (The Seamstresses) — Renato Guttuso (1948)